This chapter explains how Canadians choose their Members of Parliament: when elections are held, who may vote or run, and the steps for voting.
Key facts to know
Federal elections must be held on the third Monday in October every four years after the last general election. The Prime Minister may ask the Governor General to call an earlier election.
Canada is divided into electoral districts, also called ridings or constituencies. Each one elects one Member of Parliament (MP). The number of districts grows over time, so learn the idea rather than a figure.
The candidate with the most votes in a district becomes the MP.
Canadian citizens aged 18 or older may run in a federal election.
To vote you must be a Canadian citizen, at least 18 on voting day, and on the voters’ list.
Elections Canada, a neutral agency of Parliament, keeps the National Register of Electors and mails each listed elector a voter information card.
If you are not on the list you can still be added at any time, including on election day.
You can vote on election day, at advance polls or by special ballot. Bring your voter information card and proof of identity and address.
Your vote is secret. You mark an “X” in the circle next to your chosen candidate.
A party that holds at least half the seats in the House of Commons forms a majority government. Holding fewer than half is a minority government.
Test tip: Know the three eligibility conditions for voting and that the vote is secret. Both appear on many tests.
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These notes summarize the official Discover Canada guide in our own words. Always check the current edition of the guide on canada.ca. Discover Canada Prep is independent and not affiliated with IRCC.